What is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a bulge or swelling in the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body. The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When the wall of the aorta weakens, it can stretch and form an aneurysm, most commonly in the abdomen.
What Causes AAA?
The exact cause is not always known, but several factors can increase the risk, including:
- Aging (more common in people over 65)
- Smoking (damages blood vessels)
- High blood pressure (puts extra strain on artery walls)
- Family history (genetics play a role)
- Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in arteries)
Symptoms of AAA
In many cases, an AAA grows slowly and does not cause symptoms. However, when symptoms do appear, they may include:
- A deep, constant pain in the abdomen or back
- A pulsating sensation in the stomach area
- Sudden, severe pain if the aneurysm is about to burst
Why is AAA Dangerous?
If an AAA grows too large, it can rupture, causing life-threatening internal bleeding. A ruptured aneurysm requires emergency medical attention.
Diagnosis and Screening
Doctors can detect AAA using imaging tests such as:
- Ultrasound (the most common and non-invasive test)
- CT scan (provides detailed images)
- MRI scan (used in some cases)
Men over 65 who have ever smoked are often recommended for AAA screening, even if they have no symptoms.
Treatment Options
The treatment depends on the size and growth rate of the aneurysm:
- Small aneurysms (under 5 cm) may only require regular monitoring with ultrasounds.
- Larger or fast-growing aneurysms may require surgery:
- Open surgery: Replacing the weakened aorta with a graft.
- Endovascular repair (EVAR): A minimally invasive procedure using a stent.
Preventing AAA
You can lower your risk of AAA by:
- Quitting smoking
- Managing blood pressure and cholesterol
- Eating a healthy diet
- Staying physically active
Conclusion
AAA is a serious condition, but early detection through screening and lifestyle changes can help manage the risk. If you are at risk, talk to your doctor about screening options.